Regulation on Genome Editing Technology
Editing of the human genome
Regarding genome editing for human fertilized eggs, it is decided as follows.
・Japan：Prohibited by guidelines
・Germany：Prohibited by law
・France：Prohibited by law
・America：Conditional ban (NG is not going to study public spending by the government)
・UK：Basic research can be done but birth of a human is prohibited.
・China： Birth of a human is prohibited.
・Germany：Prohibited by law
・France：Prohibited by law
・America：Conditional ban (NG is not going to study public spending by the government)
・UK：Basic research can be done but birth of a human is prohibited.
・China： Birth of a human is prohibited.
There are differences between countries, but It is prohibited to birth human fertilized eggs after genome editing in any country.
In Japan as well, we currently prohibit it entirely through guidelines, but in the future we are headed towards regulation after making laws.
About other living things
Genome editing, of course, can not be done only for humans. It can also be done to other creatures.We mentioned in the previous page that there is an international agreement "Cartagena Protocol" for genetically modified crops. However, regarding genome editing, There is not yet an international arrangement .So, many countries, including Japan, have signed the "Cartagena Protocol", but the law enacted by the Cartagena Protocol ("Cartagena law" in Japan) How far is genome edited Whether to adapt it , has been discussed.
Both genetic recombination and genome editing are the same in terms of altering organisms at the genetic level, but since methods are completely different, it is argued how far they should be regulated by the same law.
Let's see the correspondence situation of each country.
· New Zealand : Restricts creatures created by the technology since 1998.
· Brazil : For the organisms created by the new technology, the National Bio-Safety Technical Committee judged whether it can be said to be a genetically modified organism.
· USA : The Department of Agriculture announced a statement that "There are no plans to regulate." The US Food and Drug Administration plans to publish an action plan to evaluate the safety of food made by biotechnology.
· Canada : Regardless of the technology used, subject to regulation if it has new traits.
· Japan : Current discussion on how far the cartagena method should be adapted to genome editing has been done and it is expected that regulations will be imposed by law in the near future.
The correspondence differs according to each country. Even countries that have not signed the Cartagena Protocol have broken up. America is a posture to protect the safety of food, but has no plans to regulate announces the statement. However, it is said that it is subject to regulation in Canada.· Brazil : For the organisms created by the new technology, the National Bio-Safety Technical Committee judged whether it can be said to be a genetically modified organism.
· USA : The Department of Agriculture announced a statement that "There are no plans to regulate." The US Food and Drug Administration plans to publish an action plan to evaluate the safety of food made by biotechnology.
· Canada : Regardless of the technology used, subject to regulation if it has new traits.
· Japan : Current discussion on how far the cartagena method should be adapted to genome editing has been done and it is expected that regulations will be imposed by law in the near future.
