Flame test
Refined salts such as alkaline metals, alkaline-earth metals, and copper vaporize when lit,and the electrons in their atoms Change into a high energy state, but will soon refurn to a low-energy state because this state is unstable. At that time, humans can see the energy emitted as light. This phenomenon is called the flame test.
| Substance | Color | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Lithium（Li） | red | ◎【Video：a flame test of Lithium】 |
| Sodium（Na） | yellow | |
| Potassium（K） | magenta | ◎【Video：a flame test of Potassium】 |
| Rubidium（Rb） | dark red | |
| Cesium（Cs） | bluish violet | |
| Calcium（Ca） | red orange | ◎【Video：a flame test of Calcium】 |
| Strontium（Sr） | deep red | ◎【Video：a flame test of Strontium】 |
| Barium（Ba） | yellowish green | |
| Radium（Ra） | carmine | |
| Copper（Cu） | greenish blue | ◎【Video：a flame test of Copper】 |
| Boron（B） | yellowish green | |
| Gallium（Ga） | blue | |
| Indium（In） | deep blue | |
| Thallium | pale green | |
| Phosphorus（P） | pale blue | |
| Arsenic（As） | pale blue | |
| Antimony（Sb） | pale blue |