In the time of disasters, you had better to use gray or green public telephones.
When disaster occurs, since phone lines are used ten times as many as usual they become busy easily, so it gets through hardly.
But gray or green (exclude red and pink) ones connect easier than other phones. So you had better to use them as many as you can.
Yet in the time of a blackout, since telephone card reader and 100 yen coin discriminating machines won’t work, you should try to use 10 yen coin as many times as possible in order to avoid some problems.
Further, how to call 119 is different with every kind of phone. Be careful.