■Before the filming technology was invented, people used the optical illusion to make a picture move
The most famous one of them is the thaumatrope.
The inventor was John Ayrton and the structure of thaumatrope is; prepare a round shape paper and draw a bird on one side of the paper and a bird cage on the other. Then rotate the paper really fast, it would look as if there is a bird inside the bird cage.
Afterwards Joseph Antoine Ferdinand Plateau developed the phenakistoscope, and William George Horner invented the zoetrope, and even if the film technology wasn't invented, there was a high quality analogue animation technology.
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After the first filming technology, cinematograph was invented by the lumiere brothers, animation had a great change from before.
The technique that was used before the invention was still used at the film, and made a new genre called animation film.
The first animation film that was made was Stuart Blackton’s “Humorous Phases on Funny Faces”.
Film technology kept developing and became the TV animations you see a lot of time in real life, and the animation that uses the latest computer graphics.
| ■The history of animation in Japan |
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It was about 115 years ago (1896) when the animation technology was brought to Japan from oversea. In 1900, Japanese made a first domestic animation movie “ニッパールの変形”(Nipparu no henkei). However, it was actually screened 9 years after.
Subsequently, many Japanese movie companies were influenced by the animation brought from oversea and they started to emphasize on making animation movies.
TOEI Company, one of the the largest animation company started at 1956 with the company name "Toei Douga", stated the Japan's original way of making an animation, and stated to make the animation “白蛇伝”(Shirahebi-den), which a film was originally made in Hong Kong.
In the 1960's, Tezuka Osamu, who is a famous Manga writer and animator, established the "虫(Mushi)production" and made the first TV series animation "鉄腕アトム" (Astro Boy) and other famous animation which a lot of people might heard about it before.
At the same time, Hayao Miyazaki, who becomes the creator of "Studio Ghibli" was deeply impressed by the film “白蛇伝” when he was a high school student, and started aiming to be a animator.
At 1963, Hayao entered the TOEI company as an animator, and produced a number of animation but resigned soon and made animations which all Japanese should heard once, such as "アルプスの少女ハイジ"(Heidi, Girl of the Alps), "未来少年コナン"(Future Boy Conan), "風の谷のナウシカ"(Nausicaa of the Valley of the Wind) at other companies.
After making those animations, he made "Studio Ghibli", which is a worldwide famous animation company.
Nowadays animation changed a lot since "機動戦士ガンダム"(Mobile Suit Gundam), "新世紀ヱヴァンゲリヲン"(Neon Genesis Evangelion).
Because of these animations, "Anime" became content, not only kids watches but adults and also both genders can enjoy.
Japan kept on sticking to animation filming technology more than other country, and now became the world's most prominent animation country.
Japan was particular about making animation more than any other country and became one of a biggest animation producing country.
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