Knowledge Biology
Let's start by looking at the basic unit that makes up an organism, the cell.
What is cell?
Cells are the smallest unit of the body of an organism, including us. It is estimated that our bodies (adults) contain about 60 or 37 trillion cells. The exact number is not yet known.
Organisms that are made up of many cells, such as us humans, are called multicellular organisms. On the other hand, organisms with only one cell, such as Euglena and bacteria, are called unicellular organisms.
Structure
Take a look at the diagram above. Can you see that cells are made up of various organs? Also, the structure of a cell in an animal like us humans is slightly different from that in a plant. The organs in a cell are as follows. The organs in orange are only found in plant cells.
| Cell nucleus | It is at the center of the cell and contains the chromosomes. |
|---|---|
| Nucleolus | It is transcribing rRNA and constructing ribosomes. |
| Ribosome | It Makes proteins based on genetic information. |
| Mitochondria | It perform oxygen breathing. |
| Vesicle | It is responsible for the storage and transportation of goods. |
| lysosome | It is responsible for the storage and transportation of goods. |
| Golgi apparatus | It contributes to protein synthesis. |
| Microtubule | It is responsible for many things such as cell division and transportation of goods. |
| Granular endoplasmic reticulum | It contributes to protein synthesis. |
|---|---|
| Smooth endoplasmic reticulum | It is responsible steroid synthesis, lipid and sugar metabolism. |
| Cytoplasmic matrix | The parts of the cell other than the organelles. |
| Centrosome | Animal cells only have. |
| Vacuole | Plant cells only have. It is responsible for the storage and transportation of goods. |
| Chloroplast | Plant cells only have. It performs photosynthesis |
| Cell wall | Plant cells only have. Support a plant that has no skeleton. |
Next page
The main organelles we will be looking at are those that handle genetic information and protein synthesis, such as the ribosome.
