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Use of AI

Today, people often see and hear "job losses due to AI" on the news. Unfortunately, this concern is not wrong. Currently, many companies and nations are researching Artificial Intelligence to improve its practicality and capabilities.

The main advantages of AI over humans are memorizing and calculation. It can process huge amounts of data quickly and accurately to learn, store, and organize. Also, inference based data and the operation speed are overwhelming. Furthermore, AI can repeat a single task in a very efficient way without fatigue.

There are many situations where AI can take advantage of these strengths. For example, AI may be able to analyze the text sent to the hotline, find similar information from previous inquiries, and provide appropriate answers.

Frey & Osborn's (2013) study is a famous paper on jobs losses by machines or automation.

At first, the researchers identified nine characteristics that are required for work. Then they classified occupations currently existing in the United States into 702 jobs by using these characteristics,and the researchers determined whether 70 of them could be automated or not And they calculated the correlation between the researcher's judgment and the nine characteristics. Further they calculated the relationship between occupations and automation by using calculated value here.

It was concluded that 47% of jobs were taken away by machines.

The most likely jobs to be automated are:

A similar study was done by Frey, Osborn, and Nomura Research Institute in 2015. Using the same methodology that Frey and colleagues used in their 2013 study, they calculated how potentially 601 jobs in Japan could be automated.

The results showed that 49% of Japanese employees are highly likely to be replaced by robots.

The most likely jobs to be automated are:

In particular, the probability of automating train drivers and accounting clerks is calculated to be 99.8%.

On the other hand, machines and artificial intelligence have drawbacks. When proposing a project based on data, there are many cases where irregular ideas that cannot be thought of only by the data are effective. Machines and artificial intelligence cannot do irregular actions or thinking Also, I AI does not understand emotions, it is not good at appealing to others. So it has to be human to come up with new ideas, give appealing presentations to other companies, and predict preference and trends from data. It's premature to think of machines and artificial intelligence as almighty.

In fact, the study by Frey & Osborn (2013) concludes that robots are less likely to replace jobs that require "creativity" or "Social and communication skills".

A study conducted in 2015 by Frey, Osborn, and Nomura Research Institute found that jobs unlikely being automated were:

In particular, psychiatrists, international cooperation specialists, occupational therapists, and speech-language-hearing therapists have a 0.1% chance of being automated.

These papers are written from the viewpoint of whether or not machines can perform the work which a person is doing now. So, in reality, the jobs listed are not necessarily taken away by machines. Specifically, there are financial problems. For example, let's take a closer look at the convenience store clerks. There are many detailed tasks such as display of goods, processing at the register, packing, cooking of fried food, changing the price tag. Since each of these actions are completely different, it is necessary to introduce many kinds of machines and judgment systems into the workplace, which can be done by one person at different times. Considering the troublesome and cost, it seems to be natural to hesitated introducing machines.

Automation may also create new jobs or increase the demand for specific jobs. Let's take a look at examples of a profession that, at the present stage, are recognized as not disappearing or even benefiting from automation.

*Data scientist
A data scientist is an occupation in which he/she organizes a huge amount of data and uses the results of his/her analysis to solve problems such as business problems. We expect growth in the field where we make machines and AI to analyze data and use that trend in advertisements with the knowledge of such as psychology.

*AI Engineer
It is an occupation to construct AI itself and teach it by using machines learning and deep learning. This is one of the new occupations created by AI.