The term "Frail" refers to a state of decline in physical and cognitive functions that lies between a healthy state and a state of needing care.It comes from the word "frailty." 　Frail is composed of physical, psychological and social element, and to prevent it, we need to deal with these three aspects in a comprehensive manner.

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When a person starts to become Frail, there are signs of weight loss, fatigue, decline in activity, loss of grip strength, and slower walking speed. 　Frail progresses through immobility, increasing the likelihood of hospitalization and mortality. However, with proper prevention and treatment in the early stages, the decline in life functions can be slowed down. 　There are several stages of Frail: pre-frail stage,oral frail stage, sarco-locomotive stage and frail stage. In order to prevent the disease from worsening, it is important to take measures during the pre-frail stage to the oral frail stage. pre-frail stage ・The scope of life becomes narrower. ・Mental instability→Decreased self-interest in managing oral function→Periodontal disease and loss of teeth oral frail stage ・Deterioration in eating habits ・Slight decrease in oral function 　(poor tongue, spilling, swallowing, inability to chew food, etc.) sarco-locomotive stage ・Decline in oral function appears. ・Age-related muscle weakness 　(Age-related loss of muscle mass, resulting in a decline in overall muscle strength and physical function. ・Musculoskeletal syndrome 　(A condition in which it becomes difficult to stand or walk due to damage to the motor organs necessary to move the body. ・Malnourished state frail stage  ・Need of care. ・Exercise and nutrition disorders. 　Oral function, the ability to perform daily activities, and overall quality of life will gradually decline.

Frail is caused by a decrease in activity. 　As we age, our muscle mass may decrease and we may become less connected to others. As a result, opportunities to go out and have conversations may decrease, and physical and cognitive functions may decline. 　Other diseases such as cancer, high blood pressure, and stroke can also cause this. Smoking, depression, and isolation are also factors that affect aging and disease and can lead to frail.

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As muscle strength declines and activity decreases, the amount of food eaten also decreases, leading to low nutrition and loss of muscle mass. This vicious cycle is called the Frail-cycle.