On October 14, 2021, we visited Panasonic Eco Technology Center
(PETEC), which is in Kato City, Hyogo Prefecture.
Role of PETEC
We suspect that you realize how important recycling small home
appliances is if you have read our website up to here.
Actually,recycling large appliances such as televisions and
refrigerators is also an essential problem. PETEC is one of the
companies responsible for it and aims to achieve a sound
recycling-oriented society by recycling under the slogan of
"treasure hunting," considering the surrounding environment.
Data Source : より引用
They recycle four items (televisions, air conditioners, refrigerators
/ freezers, washing machines / clothes dryers), which are specified by
the Act on Recycling of Specified Kinds of Home Appliancesthe Act on Recycling of Specified Kinds of Home
AppliancesThe law covering four home appliances: air conditioners,
televisions (CRT, LCD, and plasma), refrigerators/freezers,
and washing machines/clothes dryers. A deferred payment
system has been adopted. By collecting these home
appliances, it aims not only to promote recycling but also
to reduce the amount of waste.
. The area which large home appliances are collected by PETEC from
extends to Kinki area.
They process about 900,000 units per year, and work with a target
number of units to be processed, which is usually stable, but
sometimes increases significantly, each operating day.
October 14, around 2:00 p.m.
リチウムくんLittle Lithium
PETEC has processed more than 16,500,000 units !!(As of October
14) How surprising it is to have taken each of them to
pieces!
In recycling of large home appliances,
the statutory recycling ratethe statutory recycling rateThe recycling rate set by the government. If that at a
plant is lower than it, it will not be able to operate
anymore. It is specified for each item, such as 80% for air
conditioners and 55% for televisions.
for each item is set by the Home Appliance Recycling Law. If it at a
plant is below this level, the plant cannot operate. PETEC has met the
legal recycling rate for all items. (table 5.1)
We would like to introduce a recycling process carried out at PETEC by
product.
Television
Televisions are classified into three types: CRT televisions, plasma
televisions, and LCD televisions. However, because the amount of CRT
Televisions emitted from households is currently small, they are not
processed at PETEC. Some LCD Televisions use fluorescent tube type
backlightsbacklightsLights that illuminate the LCD from the backside.
. Since they contain mercury gas, which is a hazardous substance, the
fluorescent tubes in the backlight unit need to be taken out. After
being taken out, the collected fluorescent tubes are disposed of by a
specialized company.
Backlight removal in a dedicated booth Data Source : HPより引用
Next, substrates, which contain mainly metal materials, are removed.
removed substrates Data Source : より引用
In order to make the process more efficient, conveyorized dismantling
lines are set throughout PETEC (you often see pictures of large-scale
production lines in car manufacturing plants, don’t you?). The removed
metals are sent to smelters to be turned into new resources.
Air conditioners
Air conditioners are classified into indoor units and outdoor units.
The process of dismantling indoor units, including removal of
exteriors and blower fans, and dismantling of the interior, used to be
done by hand, but PETEC uses a device to cut where motors and power
come together, which results in taking out screws in them, thus
reducing work. On the other hand, there is refrigerant CFC in outdoor
units. It is said to destroy the ozone layer, so it must be removed
first. This removal is done safely using a tube and then sent to a
special treatment plant and detoxified in it. Outdoor units sometimes
have dust and dead insects in them, so in that case, they are removed
before outdoor units are dismantled.
The dismantled parts of indoor and outdoor units are divided into
copper wire,
chassischassisA box which contains a machine or electrical equipment with
some function inside.
, electrical parts, heat exchangers, compressors, etc. In particular,
the compressor contained in outdoor units is a valuable resource which
contains a lot of iron and copper. After the copper wire is crushed,
the copper is recovered and sent to a smelter. Electrical parts, heat
exchangers, and compressors are carried to a plant where the resources
are recovered in high grade and transformed into new ones.
The chassis is separated into iron, copper, aluminum, and plastic,
using a special method. We could see demonstrations of it in PETEC!!
~The process which the chassis is sorted and collected through.~
<Magnetic sorting machine>
Role: Sort into what is magnetic and what is not.
Procedure:
Mixtures are fed in and move along the rotating drum.
Anything other than iron falls at some point because it is
not magnetic.
Iron falls where the magnet disappears.
<Non-ferrous metal sorting machine>
Role: Separate non-magnetic metals (non-ferrous metals) from
non-metals.
Procedure:
Mixtures are put in and proceed along the conveyor belt.
A moving magnetic flux field is created by the high-speed
rotation of the magnet.
An eddy current is generated in the nonferrous metal passing
through the magnet.
The nonferrous metal is flung out by the interaction of the
magnetic force and the eddy current.
Plastic, which does not generate eddy currents, falls
naturally.
<Specific gravity sorting machine>
Role: Separate heavy items from light ones.
Procedure:
Mixtures (copper and aluminum) are thrown in.
Because aluminum is light, it is blown up by the wind from
below and moves downward.
Copper is not blown up by the wind but moves upward by the
vibration of the platform, because it is heavy.
Refrigerators・Freezers
First, check to see if there is any food left in refrigerators, and if
so, remove it. Next, the refrigerators are categorized according to
whether or not CFCs are contained in refrigerants or insulation, and
labeled to indicate this. This process makes dismantlement later more
efficient.
Plastic (PP, PS) such as vegetable boxes and food shelves are crushed
and used as parts of new products after cleaning, removing foreign
substances, and shipping inspection at resin processing companies. In
addition, CFCs, which are harmful substances, are extracted from the
compressor removed from refrigerators, and then detoxified by another
company. The remaining compressor is sent to a metal processing
company for recycling.
Refrigerators themselves are classified whether or not they have CFCs
in them before crushed. If CFCs are contained in them, CFCs are
removed during the crushing process and are made harmless by another
company like refrigerant CFCs. After the CFC gas is extracted, the
main body is crushed by a special crusher into a group of mixed metal
and plastic fragments, from which the resource is extracted
separately.
~The process which shattered refrigerators are sorted and collected
through~
<Wind power sorting machine>
Role: Separate heavy items from light ones.
Procedure:
Mixtures are put in.
Urethane, which is light, is blown up by the wind from below
and pulled directly into the suction port.
All but the urethane fall down instead of being blown up by
the wind.
<Magnetic sorting machine>
It is the same as that for air conditioners.
<Non-ferrous metal sorting machine>
It is the same as that for air conditioners.
<High-precision plastic sorting system>
Role: Classify plastics into ABS, PP, and PS.
Procedure:
Plastic which is mixed with ABS, PP, and PS pops out of the
conveyor.
The air nozzles immediately identifies it and sprays air at
appropriate times.
マリー・ゴールドMary Gold
This system enables people to recycle plastic instead of making
it waste or sending it to thermal recycling.
As you can see, refrigerators are said to be the most difficult of the
four items to recycle due to the many processes that must be followed.
Washing Machines and Clothes Dryers
Like air conditioners, washing machines with dryers have their
compressors and heat exchangers removed, and CFCs are recovered. Also,
the
harnessesharnessesUsed in the internal wiring of home appliances such as
washing machines and refrigerators, as well as of
automobiles, etc. Multiple wires are bundled for power
supply and signal communication, and made into a lengthy
form that is easy to wire.
, motors, control panels, and power cords are taken out of the washing
machine by hand. Washing machines are different from other products in
that the salt water in them must be drained. About 2 liters of salt
water is put in the washing tank as a balancer to stabilize the
rotating tank during washing, and removing it prevents the iron, an
important recyclable resource, from rusting. The removed salt water is
sent to other plants for recycling.
If you look carefully, you can see the salt water flowing from the
washing machine in the middle Data Source : より引用
Then, washing machines are sent to the crushers. After being shredded
by crushers, they are separated into iron, aluminum, copper, and
plastic through magnetic sorting and non-ferrous sorting, and then
recovered. (Magnetic sorting and non-ferrous sorting here are the same
as those introduced in air conditioners and refrigerators.)
About Recycle Fees
However, in order to have these products recycled, you have to pay a
recycling fee. This is a role imposed on us, the consumers, by the
Home Appliance Recycling Law, and also it is a lubricant that promotes
recycling. Some people may think that they have no idea why they have
to pay money in order to recycle products. Actually, recycling fees
have been decreasing year by year because of the development of
technology and the ease of recycling them. (table 5.2)
table 5.2 recycling fees
4品目
区分
2001年(税抜)
2021年(税抜)
television
CRT
16型以上
2700円
2200円
15型以下
1200円
flat-screen
16V型以上
(2009年〜)
2700円
15V型以下
1700円
refrigerrator, freezer
171L以上
4600円
4300円
170L以下
3400円
washing machine, laundry drier
2400円
2300円
air conditioner
3500円
900円
Made by explanations given during the visit
There are still some people who do not think that they are cheap.
However, if everyone did not recycle their used home appliances
claiming that recycling fees are too expensive or if they recycled
them illegally, the earth's resources would soon run out, right?
"Conserve the Earth's resources." In order to do so,
each of us must be responsible for what you do. Paying recycling fees
to recycle is much more valuable than recycling fees, isn't it?
Thoughts over Visit
What impressed us the most during the factory visit was the
cleanliness of the office and dismantling lanes, which we felt was
very considerate to us visitors. In particular, the dismantling lanes
were clearly color coded for each product, which made it very easy for
us to understand when we were being explained about the dismantling
process. We were told that this color coding is not only for the
consideration of visitors, but also for the safety of the employees.
When we heard that the factory tour is a way to open the inside of
PETEC to the public, and that it leads to trust, we thought it is a
reasonable way.
We were also horrified to see so many televisions and air conditioners
lined up in the warehouse of the factory and imagine the scene where
these products were illegally disposed of without being properly
recycled. We think we understand how important role PETEC is playing.
Scenery around PETEC
Data Source : より引用
The view of the rice fields was very tranquil and peaceful. We heard
that Kato City, where PETEC is located, is famous for its sake rice,
Yamada Nishiki. We would like everyone to visit Kato City, a city rich
in nature!